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Radio spectrum allocations

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Examples: 88.5 MHz, 1350–1430 MHz, 2.4 GHz

927.999999 MHz (927,999,999 Hz)

ITU Region 1 Allocations

890 – 942 MHz

FIXED

MOBILE except aeronautical mobile 5.317A

BROADCASTING 5.322

Radiolocation

5.323

ITU Region 3 Allocations

890 – 942 MHz

FIXED

MOBILE 5.317A

BROADCASTING

Radiolocation

5.327

Footnotes

  • 5.150   The following bands:

      13 553-13 567 kHz (centre frequency 13 560 kHz),
      26 957-27 283 kHz (centre frequency 27 120 kHz),
      40.66-40.70 MHz (centre frequency 40.68 MHz),
      902-928 MHz in Region 2 (centre frequency 915 MHz),
      2 400-2 500 MHz (centre frequency 2 450 MHz),
      5 725-5 875 MHz (centre frequency 5 800 MHz), and
      24-24.25 GHz (centre frequency 24.125 GHz)

    are also designated for industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) applications. Radiocommunication services operating within these bands must accept harmful interference which may be caused by these applications. ISM equipment operating in these bands is subject to the provisions of No. 15.13.

  • 5.317A   The parts of the frequency band 698-960 MHz in Region 2 and the frequency bands 694-790 MHz in Region 1 and 790-960 MHz in Regions 1 and 3 which are allocated to the mobile service on a primary basis are identified for use by administrations wishing to implement International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) – see Resolutions 224 (Rev.WRC 19), 760 (Rev.WRC 19) and 749 (Rev.WRC 19), where applicable. This identification does not preclude the use of these frequency bands by any application of the services to which they are allocated and does not establish priority in the Radio Regulations. (WRC-19)

  • 5.322   In Region 1, in the band 862-960 MHz, stations of the broadcasting service shall be operated only in the African Broadcasting Area (see Nos. 5.10 to 5.13) excluding Algeria, Burundi, Egypt, Spain, Lesotho, Libya, Morocco, Malawi, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe and Zambia, subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21. (WRC 12)

  • 5.323   Additional allocation: in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Ukraine, the frequency band 862-960 MHz, in Bulgaria the frequency bands 862-880 MHz and 915-925 MHz, and in Romania the frequency bands 862-880 MHz and 915-925 MHz, are also allocated to the aeronautical radionavigation service on a primary basis. Such use is subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21 with administrations concerned and limited to ground-based radiobeacons in operation on 27 October 1997 until the end of their lifetime. (WRC 19)

  • 5.325   Different category of service: in the United States, the allocation of the band 890-942 MHz to the radiolocation service is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33), subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21.

  • 5.325A   Different category of service: in Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Ecuador, the French overseas departments and communities in Region 2, Guatemala, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela, the frequency band 902-928 MHz is allocated to the land mobile service on a primary basis. In Mexico, the frequency band 902-928 MHz is allocated to the mobile, except aeronautical mobile, service on a primary basis. In Colombia, the frequency band 902-905 MHz is allocated to the land mobile service on a primary basis. (WRC 19)

  • 5.326   Different category of service: in Chile, the band 903-905 MHz is allocated to the mobile, except aeronautical mobile, service on a primary basis, subject to agreement obtained under No. 9.21.

  • 5.327   Different category of service: in Australia, the allocation of the band 915-928 MHz to the radiolocation service is on a primary basis (see No. 5.33).

  • G11   Federal fixed and mobile radio services, including low power radio control operations, are permitted in the band 902-928 MHz on a secondary basis.

  • G59   In the bands 902-928 MHz, 3100-3300 MHz, 3500-3650 MHz, 5250-5350 MHz, 8500-9000 MHz, 9200-9300 MHz, 13.4-14.0 GHz, 15.7-17.7 GHz and 24.05-24.25 GHz, all Federal non-military radiolocation shall be secondary to military radiolocation, except in the sub-band 15.7-16.2 GHz airport surface detection equipment (ASDE) is permitted on a co-equal basis subject to coordination with the military departments.

  • US218   The band 902-928 MHz is available for Location and Monitoring Service (LMS) systems subject to not causing harmful interference to the operation of all Federal stations authorized in this band. These systems must tolerate interference from the operation of industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) equipment and the operation of Federal stations authorized in this band.

  • US267   In the band 902-928 MHz, amateur stations shall transmit only in the sub-bands 902-902.4, 902.6-904.3, 904.7-925.3, 925.7-927.3, and 927.7-928 MHz within the States of Colorado and Wyoming, bounded by the area of latitudes 39° N and 42° N and longitudes 103° W and 108° W.

  • US275   The band 902-928 MHz is allocated on a secondary basis to the amateur service subject to not causing harmful interference to the operations of Federal stations authorized in this band or to Location and Monitoring Service (LMS) systems. Stations in the amateur service must tolerate any interference from the operations of industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) devices, LMS systems, and the operations of Federal stations authorized in this band. Further, the amateur service is prohibited in those portions of Texas and New Mexico bounded on the south by latitude 31° 41' North, on the east by longitude 104° 11' West, and on the north by latitude 34° 30' North, and on the west by longitude 107° 30' West; in addition, outside this area but within 150 miles of these boundaries of White Sands Missile Range the service is restricted to a maximum transmitter peak envelope power output of 50 watts.

Wiki entries

WRC Agenda Item 1.5, ITU Region 1

Proposed Use
470–960 MHz Review spectrum use and needs in Region 1
"to review the spectrum use and spectrum needs of existing services in the frequency band 470-960 MHz in Region 1 and consider possible regulatory actions in the frequency band 470-694 MHz in Region 1 on the basis of the review in accordance with Resolution 235 (WRC-15)"

Military Shipborne Very Long Range Surveillance Radar

Current Use
850–942 MHz Military shipborne very long range surveillance radar
The Raytheon AN/SPS-49 series very long range surveillance radar is installed on many ships of the U.S. fleet, as well as several other countries. It operates with 360 kW peak power and 13 kW average power, using a 24 ft wide by 14 ft tall antenna rotating with a period of 12 rotations per minute (one rotation every five seconds). The antenna gain is 28.5 dBi with an azimuth beamwidth of 3.4 deg. The radar can detect objects as close as 0.5 nmi, and as far as 250 nmi. The antenna is stabilized for up to +/-25 deg roll.

Radiofrequency Identification (RFID)

Current Use
860–960 MHz RFID (ITU Regions 1 & 3) 902–928 MHz RFID (ITU Region 2)
An RFID system consists of an interrogator and a transponder, and is used for identification and data capture. RFID systems are used for a very wide range of applications, including:

Highway tolls
Vehicle tracking
Container tracking
Inventory control & theft prevention (often used to prevent shoplifting)
Healthcare (patient & drug tracking)
Passports
ID cards
Building entry
Livestock & pet tracking

and numerous other applications.

RFID tags can be extremely small devices with little or no internal power, which respond to an interrogation by utilizing some of the RF energy imparted by the interrogator; or they can be larger powered units that can be interrogated over larger distances.

The ITU is in the process of attempting to harmonize RFID bands, since RFID systems are used for global commerce. ITU Study Group 1 (Working Party 1B) is drafting a new ITU-R Recommendation on RFID.

ISO/IEC18000 is the principal standard for the RFID air interface.

RFID systems typically operate in ISM and unlicensed bands.

The bands listed below represent the totality of the various bands presently used around the world. The exact bands used in specific countries may vary (and is what the ITU is attempting to harmonize).

Amateur Radio (33 cm)

Current Use
902–928 MHz Amateur radio 33 cm band (Region 2)
According to the ITU, "the 902 MHz band is allocated to the amateur service only in Region 2, where it is also used for industrial, scientific and medical applications, and low-power devices."

In the United States, the ARRL has adopted the following band plan. The band plan may apply in other countries as well:

Frequency (MHz): Use
902-903: Narrow-bandwidth, weak-signal communications
902-902.8: SSTV, FAX, ACSSB, experimental
902.1: Weak-signal calling frequency
902.8-903: Reserved for Earth-Moon-Earth, CW expansion
903.1: Alternate calling frequency
903-906: Digital communications
906-909: FM repeater inputs
909-915: ATV
915-918: Digital communications
918-921: FM repeater outputs
921-927: ATV
927-928: FM simplex and links

Industrial, Scientific, and Medical Devices (ISM, FCC Part 18)

Current Use
902–928 MHz ISM
Part 18 (section 18.301) of the FCC rules designate certain bands for high-power Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) devices. These devices generate significant radio energy, but not for telecommunications purposes. Examples includes microwave ovens, industrial heaters, medical diathermy, jewelry cleaners, and RFID tags.

ISM devices may be operated in most frequency bands subject to strict power limits, but are allowed unlimited power in these eleven specially-designated ISM bands.

Unlicensed bands

Current Use
902–928 MHz 900 MHz unlicensed band
Although these bands are allocated for ISM use, e.g. microwave ovens and industrial equipment, a major use has been unlicensed (Part 15) systems such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and ZigBee. In the period 1995-2005, most of the cordless phones marketed in the US were in the 902-928 MHz band, but conflicts with the other uses and availability of DECT equipment has greatly decreased sales of 902-928 MHz cordless phones.

The rules for these bands sprung from FCC Docket 81-413 which sought to end an implicit prohibition of spread spectrum/CDMA technology that resulted from a focus on FDMA spectrum uses. This resulted in rules adopted in 1985 that allow unlicensed spread spectrum systems to use these bands for almost any possible application subject to a 1W power limit and a power spectral density limit. Initial applications, however, were limited to frequency hopping and "direct sequence" modulations, the latter being subject to ill-defined spreading and processing gain requirements.

An FCC rulemaking in 2002, in ET Docket No. 99-231, dropped the spreading and processing gain requirements, and permitted any digital modulation that meets the power and power spectral density limits. The immediate effect was to authorize Wi-Fi products under standard IEEE 802.11g. Subsequent Wi-Fi standards, including n and ac, were eligible for certification with no further rule changes.

Bluetooth is authorized under the original 1985 frequency hopping provisions.

The 2400 and 5800 MHz bands are used for Wi-Fi.

A good history is "The Innovation Journey of Wi-Fi: The Road To Global Success" by Wolter Lemstra, Vic Hayes, John Groenewegen; Cambridge University Press, 2010.

Standard LTE Bands

Current Use
925–960 MHz LTE band 8 FDD downlink
The following bands have been defined by 3GPP as standard LTE bands for Frequency Division Duplex (FDD, where mobile and base stations transmit in separate bands) and Time Division Duplex (TDD, where mobiles and bases transmit and receive on the same frequency). These bands are defined in 3GPP TS 36.101 (link below).

Note that bands 15 & 16 and 30-32 are not defined, and the FDD band 29 is used for downlink-only for carrier aggregation, so it has no corresponding uplink band.

Uplinks refer to the frequencies used for handsets and other user devices to transmit to the base station, and downlinks refer to frequencies used by base stations to transmit to the user devices.

Location and Monitoring Service (LMS)

Current Use
927.75–928 MHz Multilateration LMS Block A (forward link)
The Location and Monitoring Service (LMS) is a locationing technology optimized for use in urban environments and in buildings, where other technologies, such as GPS, may not work well or at all.

Two different types of LMS are defined: Multilateration LMS (M-LMS) and non-multilateration LMS. The respective FCC definitions are:

Multilateration LMS system: A system that is designed to locate vehicles or other objects by measuring the difference of time of arrival, or difference in phase, of signals transmitted from a unit to a number of fixed points or from a number of fixed points to the unit to be located.

Non-multilateration LMS System. A system that employs any of a number of non-multilateration technologies to transmit information to and/or from vehicular units.

LMS shares the band with a variety of users. Most prominently, the band is used by a multitude of unlicensed devices such as many models of cordless phones, baby monitors, and wireless speakers.

LMS licenses were first auctioned in 1999, in FCC auction 21, and in a follow-up auction (39) in 2001. Since then, much effort has been spent creating frameworks and operational constraints that allow LMS, unlicensed devices, and other services to share the band. (See the CommLawBlog link for more details). The FCC has created a chart that shows the hierarchy of rights in this band. The chart has been uploaded under the "FCC Proceedings" heading below.

The majority of licenses in the LMS auctions were won by Progeny LLC. Some of the other winners have since defaulted on their bid payments. Progeny received a waiver of the FCC rules to allow its multilateration system to locate objects other than vehicles. It also received a waiver to provide locationing service by using one-way transmissions from a low density of powerful sites, rather than by using two-way technology that was originally envisioned for LMS.

The 902-928 MHz band has been divided into LMS blocks, which are then authorized for M-LMS or non-multilateration LMS, or shared between the two. LMS operates under Subpart M of Part 90 of the FCC rules, and is considered part of the Intelligent Transportation Systems Radio Service.

In the range 902-927.25 MHz, LMS systems are limited to 30 W ERP. In the range 927.25-928 MHz, the power limit is 300 W ERP [47 CFR 90.205(l)].